The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.